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Mjekësia sportive

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Hyrje

Uji është përbërësi kryesor i organizmit të njeriut (40 deri 60%), e masës së përgjithshme trupore. Rëndësia e ujit në organizëm është e shumëfishtë, si medium transporues dhe reagues i trupit ku zhvillohen të gjitha proceset biokimike të organizmit, tretës i materialeve organike dhe inorganike dhe termorregullues i organizmit.

Uji në trupin e njeriut është i shpërndarë në hapësirën ekstra celulare, intersticiale, intracelulare dhe uji i hapësirave të posaçme. Në kushte normale, në temperaturë të ujit 18 deri 20º C në organizëm duhet të marrim 2400 deri 2600 ml ujë.

Që organizmi të jetë në gjendje të mirë shëndetësore është e domosdoshme që marrja dhe nxjerrja e ujit nga organizmi të jetë në ekuilibër, ku kompensimi i ujit bëhet në bazë të ndjenjës së etjes. Nga 103 elemente të identifikuara në natyrë, organizmi i njeriut përbëhet afërsisht nga 3% azot, 10% hidrogjen, 18% karbon dhe 65% oksigjen.

Këto elemente gjithashtu janë përbërës të rëndësishëm kimik të materieve ushqyese, dhe marrin pjesë në formimin e njësive strukturale të trupit të njeriut. Në përbërjen e organizmit të njeriut marrin pjesë: uji, kriprat minerale, vitaminat, proteinat, karbohidratet, yndyrnat etj.

Përbërja e trupit të njeriut

Përbërja trupore e një njeriu me peshë 70kg është:

  • Ujë 42.4 kg
  • Yndyrna 12.6 kg
  • Proteina 12.6 kg
  • Karbohidrate 0.3kg
  • Kalcium 1.16kg
  • Fosfori 0.67gr
  • Kalcium 150gr
  • Natrium 63gr
  • Sulfuri 112gr
  • Klor 85gr, dhe elemente të tjera.

Pra trupi i njeriut në pjesën më të madhe të tij përbëhet nga uji i cili është medium transportues, difuzion i gazrave dhe transporti i materieve ushqyese dhe i produkteve të fundit të metabolizmit, po ashtu ka aftësi edhe të absorbojë sasi të mëdha të nxehtësisë duke ndryshuar fare pak temperaturën e vet, gjë që luan rol në termorregullimin e organizmit.

Sasia e përgjithshme e ujit përbën 40 deri 60% të masës së përgjithshme trupore, 70% muskulare dhe 50% yndyrore. Uji në trupin e njeriut sipas hapësirave ku ndodhet mund të jetë ekstracelular, intracelular, intersticial dhe uji i hapësirave të posaçme (hapësirave cerebrospinal, intraokular, intrapleural).

Bilanci ditor i ujit varet nga kushtet klimatike, gjendja psikike, marrja e ushqimit, aktiviteti fizik etj. Në kushte normale në temperaturë të ajrit 18 deri 20ºC merren 2400 deri 2600ml ujë në formë të ujit të pijshëm, lëngjeve dhe ushqimit të lëngshëm.

Jeta fizikisht aktive

Një ndër parimet themelore të jetës në përgjithësi është parimi i ekuilibrit, çdo prishje e këtij parimi manifestohet me çrregullime patologjike. Vdekja çdo herë e më shumë po vjen si pasojë e shumë shkaqeve, e më rrallë si pasojë e një shkaku. Pirja e duhanit dhe e alkoolit, të ushqyerit jo të shëndoshë si dhe pasiviteti fizik, konsiderohen si faktorë rreziku dhe të pavarur që favorizojnë paraqitjen e shumë sëmundjeve. Hulumtimet e shumta dëshmojnë se jeta fizikisht aktive është një ndër faktorët kryesorë (faktorët social, ekologjik, ekonomik, edukativ që kanë ndikim në ruajtjen e ekuilibrit bio – psikosocial) të njeriut dhe ekulibrit në përgjithësi.

Autore: dr. Emine Sh. Goxhuli

(Revista “Vlera”, nr. 6, gusht 2011, fq. 44-45)




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