Fakte magjepsëse për Isak Njutonin
I quajtur ndonjëherë babai i shkencës moderne, Isak Njutoni revolucionarizoi kuptimin që ne kemi për botën. Ai ishte një njeri i vërtetë i Rilindjes, me arritje në disa fusha, përfshirë astronominë, fizikën dhe matematikën,përcjellë arbresh.
Sër Isak Njuton (25 dhjetor 1642–20 mars 1727), është shkencëtari më i mirë që ka jetuar ndonjëherë. Më shumë se çdo person tjetër, Njutoni ishte përgjegjësi për hedhjen e bazave të mekanikës klasike, optikës, dhe madje matematikës.
Në një sondazh të vitit 2005 nga “Royal Society”, në lidhje me shkencëtarin që ka pasur efektin më të madh në historinë e shkencës, Njutoni doli se ishte më me ndikim se Albert Ajnshtajn.
Ulja e njeriut në Hënë? Mos t’iu shkojë nëpër mend Ajnshtajni, gjithçka u realizua nga fizika e Njutonit. Edhe pse çdo nxënës i shkollës së mesme që e ka kaluar lëndën e fizikës duhet t’i kujtojë kontributet e Njutonit, jo shumë e njohin burrin prapa shkencës.
Për shembull, a e dinit se sër Isak Njuton ishte një alkimist? Apo se, ashtu si Ajnshtajni, ai nuk kishte një fillim premtues? Apo se ishte jashtëzakonisht besimtar. Apo se ishte i dhënë pas Biblës dhe u përpoq të parashikonte fundin e botës? Lexoni më shumë për faktet e lëna në harresë në lidhje me Isak Njutonin, shkencëtarin më të madh të botës.
Varrimi i rezervuar Njutonit ishte si ai i një mbreti. Ai ishte i famshëm dhe i pasur kur ndërroi jetë në vitin 1727 dhe për të vajtoi i gjithë kombi.
1- Njuton lindi shtatanik
Në vitin 1642, vitin që Galileo Galilei vdiq, Isak Njutoni lindi shtatanik në ditën e Krishtlindjes. Me emrin e të atit, i cili vdiq 3 muaj para se ai të lindte, Isaku ishte një bebe e pazhvilluar dhe të gjithë mendonin se nuk do të mbijetonte. Mamaja e tij thotë se nuk peshonte as një çerek kilogrami.
Njutoni mori një tjetër goditje të fortë kur ishte 3 vjeç. Nëna e tij, Hannah u martua sërish, dhe njerku i tij, Barnabas Smith, nuk donte të kishte të bënte me Isakun. Fëmija u rrit nga gjyshja e tij nga e ëma për shumë vite. Humbja e nënës e la me një pasiguri që nuk do i ndahej gjithë jetën.
2- Njutoni gati sa nuk u bë fermer
Njutoni lindi në një familje fshatarësh. Kur ishte 17-vjeç, mamaja insistoi ta linte shkollën të merrej me fermën e familjes. Për fat të mirë, Njutoni ishte një fermer i keq dhe jo shumë kohë më pas, xhaxhai ia mbushi mendjen mamasë ta linte të ndiqte kolegjin “Trinity” në Kembrixh.
3- Njutoni dhe pema e mollës, histori e vërtetë
Historia e popullarizuar nga Volteri thotë se Njutoni u frymëzua kur pa një mollë të binte ndërsa ecte në oborrin e familjes në Woolsthorpe, për të formuluar teorinë e forcës universale të rëndesës.
Në realitet gjërat nuk ndodhën kështu. Njutoni, djali i një fermeri hyri në Universitetin e Kembrixhit në vitin 1661. Katër vjet më vonë, pas shpërthimit të sëmundjes së murtajës, shkollat u mbyllën përkohësisht duke e detyruar Njutonin të kthehej sërish në shtëpinë e fëmijërisë së tij, Wooldsthorpe Manor.
Pikërisht gjatë kësaj periudhe, Njutoni ndodhej në një kopsht dhe u bë dëshmitar i rënies së një molle nga pema. Nuk ka prova nëse fruti ra në kokën e tij, por vëzhgimi i Njuton bëri që ai të ngrinte pyetjen se pse mollët binin drejt e në tokë dhe e ndihmoi atë të zhvillonte teorinë universale të gravitetit.
Në vitin 1726, Njutoni e ndau anekdotën e mollës me Ulliam Stukeley, që e përfshiu në biografinë e tij “Kujtimet e Jetës së Isak Njuton” të publikuar në vitin 1752. Sipas Stukeley, “pas darkës, moti ishte i ngrohtë, dhe ne shkuam në oborr duke pirë çaj nën hijen e disa pemësh molle. Pikërisht aty atij i erdhi në mendje nocioni i gravitetit”.
Shkolla “King” në Grantham, që Njutoni ndoqi, e mban pemën në oborrin e saj.
4- Njutoni ishte i fshehtë, rrallë publikonte
Nuk ka dyshime se Njutoni ishte i shkëlqyer, por pjesa më e madhe e zbulimeve të tij janë bërë të njohura kur ai ishte 27-vjeç. Eksperimentet për natyrën e dritës, se drita e bardhë përbëhet nga një spektër ngjyrash, ia paraqiti “British Royal Society” kur ishte 30 vjeç. Fshehtësia e tij ka shkaktuar mjaft zënka.
5- Njutoni ishte jashtëzakonisht besimtar
Puna e Njutonit, veçanërisht ligjet e lëvizjes dhe forca e rëndesës universale, janë përdorur nga shumë njerëz për të argumentuar kundër ekzistencës së Perëndisë. Por vetë Njutoni ka thënë: “Graviteti shpjegon lëvizjen e planetëve, por nuk shpjegon si janë vënë në lëvizje planetët. Perëndia drejton gjithçka dhe ai di si bëhet”.
6- Edhe në moshë të re, ishte thellësisht fetar
Ai u ndie i detyruar të shkruajë një listë të mëkateve të tij në një prej blloqeve të shënimeve që mbante. Ai i ndante këta mëkate në akte që ndodhnin para ose prapa të shtunës së shtatë pas Pashkëve në vitin 1662. Njutoni merrte seriozisht edhe “shkarje” të vogla, si për shembull mendimet e papastër apo përdorimin e emrit të Zotit. Lista tregonte dhe një anë të errët të Njutonit, duke përfshirë edhe kërcënimet e tij për të djegur nënën dhe njerkun në shtëpi.
7-…Por nuk besonte tek Satani apo trinia e Shenjtë
Me gjithë bindjet e thella fetare, Njutoni ishte jokonformist kur bëhej fjalë për besimin tek Trinia e shenjtë. Ky duhet si qëndrim i arsyeshëm për një burrë të shkencës, por në atë kohë e kundërta besohej e vërtetë. Njerëzit e shkolluar besonin ekzistencën e trinitetit dhe pikëpamjet e tij ishin blasfemi.
8- Njutoni ishte i dhënë pas Biblës
Bibla ishte pasioni më i madh i Njutonit. Ai shkroi më shumë për fenë se sa shkencën dhe matematikën. Njutoni llogariti datën e kryqëzimit të Jezus Krishtit, 3 prill, në vitin 33 pas Krishtit dhe datën më të hershme të apokalipsit si vitin 2060, pas Krishtit. Një nga parashikimet e tij u realizua: Hebrenjtë u kthyen në Izrael.
9- Njutoni ishte alkimist
Letra të zbuluara kohët e fundit të Njutonit zbuluan interesin sekret të alkimisë (në kthimin e metalit bazë në ar) dhe se ka shkruar gjerë për eksperimentet e kryera. Studimet i ka mbajtur të fshehta kur ishte gjallë. Bërja e arit dhe argjendit ishte krim nën një ligj të vitit 1404.
10- Njutoni luftoi me falsifikatorët
Në vitin 1696, Njutoni u bë drejtor i “London Mint”, vendit ku priteshin paratë dhe iu dha detyra e zbulimit të falsifikimeve, gjë që ishte e përhapur në atë kohë. Ai mblodhi prova, u maskua dhe kërkoi në bare dhe taverna. U shpall “Gjykatës i Paqes” për një vit kreu 200 hetime. Pas gjyqit urdhëroi shkatërrimin e provave.
11- Mendimtari kryesor i Anglisë
Kohë përpara se të nxirrte kryeveprën e tij “Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica”, Njutoni konsiderohej një prej mendimtarëve kryesorë të Anglisë. Ai u emërua profesor i matematikës në Kembrixh në 1669. Gjeni të mëvonshëm që do të mbanin këtë post përfshijnë Charles Babbage (i njohur edhe si “babai i llogaritjeve”), Paul Dirac dhe Stephen Hauking.
12- Njutoni politikani shqiptoi vetëm një fjali
Në fundin e jetës, Njutoni bëri edhe karrierë politike. Ai u zgjodh në Parlament si përfaqësues i Kembrixhit në vitin 1689 dhe u rikthye në parlament nga 1701 deri në 1702.
Ai nuk është shquar asnjëherë si politikan i zoti, pasi nuk ishte profesioni i preferuar. Gjatë kësaj kohe, ai tha vetëm dhe vetëm një fjali gjatë seancave të gjata. Ai i kërkoi një personi pranë të hapte dhe të mbyllte dritaren e ajrosjes.
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