15 Fakte që nuk i dini për Japoninë
Nga grupi i gjakut te trenat më të shpejtë në botë. Nga mungesa e koshave të plehrave te sulmet kamikaze e deri te samurajët. 15 fakte për Japoninë e sotme dhe të djeshmen.
1- Analfabetizmi thuajse nuk ekziston.
Sipas të dhënave të Kombeve të Bashkuara, indeksi i analfabetizmit për moshat mbi 15 vjeç është thuajse 0.
99.8% e tyre janë në gjendje të shkruajnë dhe të lexojnë.
2- Në Japoni, përkatësia e grupit të gjakut ka një rëndësi themelore në shoqëri.
Edhe pse e pambështetur shkencërisht, ajo shihet si një vlerë, por edhe e kundërta, si në zgjedhjen e kandidaturave për punë të caktuara, ashtu edhe në martesa. Ata të grupeve AB dhe B, vlerësohen si me cilësi negative.
3- Ka trenat më të preçizë në botë.
Këtë ndoshta e dinit, por ajo që është befasuese është fakti se indeksi i vonesave përgjatë një viti llogaritet me sekonda, por edhe këto të arsyetuara me ngjarje objektive si p.sh koha e keqe.
4- Ishte i ndaluar konsumi i mishit.
Në vitin 675, perandori Tenmu ndoshta i inspiruar nga budistët, vendosi dënimin me vdekje për ata që hanin mish. Ndalimi vlente nga muaji prill deri në shtator, por edhe në muajt e tjerë konsumimi i mishit ishte pak i përhapur. Mishi u lejua me ligj pas vitit 1872.
5- Po kështu, me ligj, në Japoni ka qenë e ndaluar kërcimi ne vende publike.
Ligji pati hyrë në fuqi pas Luftës së Dyte Botërore për të ndaluar prostitucioni. Ligji u abrogua pas 67 vitesh, në 2015-ën.
6- Përkulja është një shenjë respekti gjatë takimeve.
Por kjo nuk është njëlloj në të gjitha rastet. Shkalla me e madhe është 45 gradë dhe i rezervohet perandorit.
7- Në Japoni ka 5.52 milion shpërndarës automatike, ose 1 për 23 persona.
Në to mund të gjesh që nga uji, pije dhe ushqime, deri edhe veshmbathje. Në zonat rurale ato zëvendësojnë marketet e janë të hapura dhe funksionale 24 orë.
8- Dorëzimi i Japonisë në fund të Luftës se Dytë Botërore është një histori më vete.
Perandori Hirohito e pati shpallur dorëzimin më 15 gusht 1945 në një mesazh të regjistruar. Por pa u bërë ende publik, një gjeneral që nuk dëshironte dorëzimin tentoi të shkatërroje atë dhe të bënte një grusht shteti, por për fat të mirë pa mundur. Pas shpalljes së dorëzimit, gjenerali Hatanaka vrau veten.
9- Tronditet nga 1500 tërmete në vit.
Japonia ka 6.852 ishuj ku ndodhin 90% e tërmeteve të gjithë botës. Disa janë shumë të vegjël, thuajse të pandjeshëm, por në total bien 1.500 në vit.
10- Samuarai-t provonin shpatat e tyre në kalimtarë të rastësishëm.
Dhe deri në vitin 1602 kjo ishte njëkohësisht edhe lojë. Pas këtij viti u ndalua.
11- Në Japoni ka më shumë kafshë shtëpiake se sa fëmijë.
Në vitin 2014, numri i qenve dhe maceve të regjistruar në Japoni ishte 21,3 milionë; fëmijët në moshën 15-vjeçare ishte 16,5 milioni. Brenda viti 2060, popullsia japoneze është e destinuar të zvogëlohet në 30%, do arrijë në 87 milionë persona (nga 127 milionë). Kjo është arsyeja pse japonezët janë një popull jetëgjatë dhe që po përgatit robotë për t’iu shërbyer të moshuarve.
12- Shpikësi i avionëve kamikazë u vetëvra.
Takijiro Onishi, admirali japonez që gjatë Luftës së Dytë Botërore ideoi atentatet kamikaze duke nxitur pilotët japoneze të godasin flotën amerikane gjatë Luftës së Dytë Botërore, pasi kuptoi që kishte çuar drejt sakrificës kaq shumë të rinj për një kauzë të humbur, vrau veten, por jo me avion, por me vetëvrasje tradicionale japoneze, seppuku, shpatë në bark.
13-Policët janonezë mund ta bëjnë rrugën me ju.
Japonia ka indeksin me të ulet të kriminalitetit. 1 rast në 100 mijë persona. Në SHBA ky parametër është 4.8. Një polic japonez mund të shoqërojë vetë një person të huaj që nuk ne jeh vendin, madje t’i paguajë edhe taksinë një personi që nuk është në gjendje të ngasë makinën pasi është i pirë.
14- Kabuki u themelua nga një grua.
Ky lloj teatri tradicional, ku aktorët edhe sot, për rolet femërore janë po meshkuj, është ideuar në vitin 1603 nga Izumo no Okuni, aktore dhe balerinë japoneze. Fillimisht ky lloj arti interpretohej vetëm nga gratë dhe më pas nisën të organizoheshin spektakle private edhe nga daimyō (pronarët feudalë). Për motive morale dhe pas një revolte të shpërthyer në 1629 në një teatër në Kioto, gratë u përjashtuan nga ky lloj përfaqësimi dhe kërcimi.
15- Të gjesh një kosh plehrash në Japoni është pothuajse e pamundur.
Në Japoni nuk ka kosha plehrash në rrugë. Japonezët i marrin mbeturinat në shtëpi ku dhe i ndajnë sipas kategorive. Thuhet se kjo është bërë për të qenë më të kujdesshëm në përpunimin e mbetjeve, por ndoshta mund të lidhet edhe me frikën nga terrorizmi, pasi ishin pikërisht koshat e plehrave ku u vendosën bomba në vitin 1995 gjatë një sulmi me gaz sarin në metronë e Tokio-s.
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