Ç’mendojnë dijetarët për njohjen?
Autor: Dr. Eidi Ekber
Një grup dijetarësh janë të mendimit se kur është fjala për gjërat e padukshme me karakter të botës tjetër, nuk kemi asnjë element të njohjes direkte, andaj është më mirë t’i largohemi atyre. Meqenëse janë gjëra misterioze, si për shembull Ahireti, i panjohur nga shqisat tona dhe mendja jonë, mund të shpenzojmë sa të duash kohë duke diskutuar për to, por gjithçka do të ishte e kotë, sepse nuk kemi asnjë argument që do të dëshmonte nëse kemi të drejtë apo jo. Këtë grup e quajnë skeptikë, e këta janë që dyshojnë që mund të arrihet diçka me përsiatje.
Grupi i dytë, ndërkaq, deklarojnë se duke pasur parasysh që në brendinë tonë kemi aftësinë e njohjes së gjërave të botës tjetrën, duhet vetëm të pastrojmë egon dhe të lirojmë natyrshmërinë dhe do të dëshmohemi për të vërtetat të cilat përndryshe janë të paarritshme. Këtu do të përmend një shembull të garës mes piktorëve kinezëve dhe romakëve. Ata vendosën një pengesë midis tyre – në një mur pikturonin kinezët, kurse në murin tjetër romakët. Romakët nuk dëgjoheshin fare gjersa nga ana e kinezëve dëgjohej shamatë pune. Kur komisioni larguan pengesën, panë dy piktura, dhe pikturën e romakëve e vlerësuan më të mirë. Mirëpo, ata në mur kishin vendosur një pasqyrë në të cilën reflektohej piktura e kinezëve, vetëm pak e pastruan pasqyrën dhe ajo shkëlqente. Ky tregim na porosit që mbështetësit e kësaj teze lidhur me pastrimin e shpirtit dëshirojnë të theksojnë se nëse njeriu e pastron nefsin (egon) e vet, të gjitha të vërtetat e kësaj bote do të pasqyrohen në shpirtin e tij dhe do t’i shohë qartë si në pasqyrë, të tillë janë arifët, gnostikët, të devotshmit dhe sufijtë.
Grupi i tretë deklaron se beson në pastrimin e shpirtit si dhe në gjithçka që e thonë të tjerët, por gjithashtu, besojnë se këto vërtetësi abstrakte janë edhe më tej të pakapshme për mendjen tonë. Ne nuk dimë asgjë lidhur me vetitë positive e as negative të Krijuesit. Këtu bëhet fjalë për besimtarët të cilët rezonojnë (arsyetojnë): është një varg emrash të Zotit të përmendur në Kuran, por ne nuk e dimë në çfarë raporti janë ata ndaj Zotit: nëse janë pozitivë ose negativë; nuk jemi në gjendje të kuptojmë kualitetin e këtyre veçorive. Ne me mendjen tonë nuk mund të konkludojmë nëse Zoti është qenia më superiore. Ne, në realitet, nuk e dimë çka nënkupton kjo. Kur dikush na thotë se është Zoti Ai të Cilin nuk e krijoi askush, ne këtë, në të vërtetë, nuk e kemi fort të qartë. Përsiatja e tyre përkufizohet në sa vijon: Nëse nuk e dimë as faktin se askush nuk e ka krijuar, atëherë nuk e dimë nëse është një, dy, nëse ka trup apo jo, fle gjumë apo jo, lëviz apo jo. Ka me qindra të panjohurash të tjera për Krijuesin, të cilat atëherë na bëhen të paqarta. Mirëpo ekziston një rrugë, e ajo është të vijë Shpallja nga Qielli përmes pejgamberit dhe prej tij të dëgjojmë këto informacione (lajme) nga bota tjetër. Përndryshe ne nuk dimë asgjë. Madje nuk kemi të drejtë as të diskutojmë nëse ekziston një rrugë logjike për njohjen e Krijuesit apo kjo është vetëm rruga e pastrimit të shpirtit.
Grupi i katërt konsideron se mënyra e vetme e drejtë për veprim në Islam është bindja e plotë ndaj dispozitave të caktuara dhe asgjë më shumë. Ata, tradicionalistët, deklarojnë se është risi (bid’at) të diskutohet për diçka të panjohur. Nëse pyesim për diçka për çka e dimë paraprakisht se do të marrim përgjigje të pasaktë, është bid’at të pyesim. Kështu arsyetojnë tradicionalistët të cilët janë ithtarë të komentimit tekstual të hadithit.
(Revista “Vlera”, nr. 14, prill 2015, fq. 39)
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